| 小特集- 超臨界流体- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,265-272(1993) |
| 超臨界流体の溶液構造について Solution Structure of Supercritical Fluids |
| 猪股宏 Hiroshi INOMATA |
| Supercritical fluids vary in density from that over a whole range by manipulating temperature and pressure. One of the characteristic features of supercritical fluids is "clustering/solvation" or "local density augmentation," which is due to solute/solvent intermolecular interaction. This paper presents the results reported in recent experimental and theoretical works on clustering, intermolecular interactions and aggregate formation. In addition, recent publications about the partial molar volume and dielectric constant are also presented. |
| 東北大学大学院工学研究科超臨界溶媒工学研究センター Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University 〒980-8579 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 |
| 小特集- 超臨界流体- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,273-279(1993) |
| 超臨界流体の溶解特性 Solubility Characteristics in Supercritical Fluids |
| 新田友茂 Tomishige NITTA |
| Typical solubility behavior in supercritical fluids (SCF) has been described in terms of density effects, functional group, and entrainer effects. Phase diagrams of SCF are reviewed for binary mixtures with and without solid phases, by showing typical three-dimensional phase diagrams. Pressure-composition diagrams in SCF are classified from the view point of good and poor solvents. The thermodynamic stability analysis is shown for illustration of complex phase behavior of SFC including vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, solid-vapor, or solid-liquid equilibria. The historical view of the mixing rules in equations of state of mixtures is outlined. Computer simulation techniques and their role on SCF are touched on. |
| 大阪大学大学院基礎工学研究科化学系専攻化学工学分野 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University 〒560-8531 豊中市待兼山町1-3 1-3, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-8531 |
| 小特集- 超臨界流体- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,280-286(1993) |
| 超臨界流体の分離・精製への応用 Application of Supercritical Fluids to Separation and Purification |
| 後藤元信 Motonobu GOTO |
| The applications of supercritical fluids to separation and purification processes are reviewed. Supercritical fluid processes have been mainly applied in food and pharmaceutical industry. Principles and recent applications of supercritical fluid process including retrograde crystallization and rectification column are described. |
| 熊本大学工学部物質生命化学科 Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University 〒860-8555 熊本市黒髪2-39-1 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555 |
| 小特集- 超臨界流体- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,287-294(1993) |
| 超臨界流体の反応溶媒としての応用 Supercritical Fluid as a Reaction Medium |
| 阿尻雅文 Tadafumi ADSCHIRI |
| The objective of this paper is to present a review of the field of reactions in supercritical fluids (SCF). Significant solvent effects on the reaction rate and the reaction equilibrium constant around the critical point and the supercritical region are discussed. Then a variety of applications of supercritical fluids to reaction processes, including coal extraction, biomass hydrolysis in supercritical water (SCW), rapid oxidation in SCW, solid catalyzed reactions, enzymatic reactions, and hydrothermal crystallization in SCW, were introduced. |
| 東北大学大学院工学研究科生物化学工学専攻 Dept. Biochemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University 〒980-8579 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 |
| 小特集- 超臨界流体- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,295-301(1993) |
| 超臨界流体の材料製造・加工への応用 Application of Supercritical Fluids to Material Production and Processing |
| 滝嶌繁樹 舛岡弘勝 Shigeki TAKISHIMA Hirokatsu MASUOKA |
| This paper provides an overview of the applications of supercritical fluid technologies to the production and the processing of materials. The novel physical and chemical properties of supercritical fluids are related to their use as extraction solvents, crystallization solvents and reaction media. Supercritical debindering or drying technologies avoid cracks and shrinkage of molded porous materials. The RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solutions) method, the GAS (gas antisolvent) recrystallization method and hydrothermal processes provide techniques for producing fine uniform powders, thin films and fibers of widely varying materials. |
| 広島大学工学部化学工学教室 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University 〒739-8527 東広島市鏡山1-4-1 1-4-1 Kagamiyama 1 chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 |
| 小特集- 超臨界流体- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,302-307(1993) |
| 分析化学における超臨界流体の利用 Application of Supercritical Fluid in Analytical Chemistry |
| 平田幸夫 Yukio HIRATA |
| Fundamental characteristics of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are described. SFC is a powerful technique for separating non-volatile and thermally labile compounds which can not be separated by gas chromatography. In addition, SFC has advantages of higher chromatographic efficiencies and detection versatility compared to liquid chromatography. SFE has many advantages over conventional liquid extraction, such as the potential of rapid and selective extraction. One unique feature of SFE is that it can be easily interfaced to chromatographic techniques. |
| 豊橋技術科学大学物質工学系 School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology 〒441 豊橋市天伯町雲雀ヶ丘1-1 Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,308-314(1993) |
| 高圧未知相構造解明への高圧ラマン散乱の応用 Application of Raman Spectroscopic Measurement to High Pressure Researches |
| 嵐治夫 Haruo ARASHI |
| In this review, we outline the application of Raman spectroscopic measurements to high pressure researches. Raman spectroscopic measurements provides a useful means of investigating phase transformations because its spectral structure is closely related to the atomic arrangement in the crystal. Recently, Raman spectral measuring systems with high sensitivity are developed by using liquid nitrogen cooled CCD camera. Combining these Raman measuring systems with diamond anvil cell, Raman spectroscopic measurement under high pressure provides a useful means to investigate the crystal structure of unknown high pressure phase. The Raman spectroscopic studies for high pressure phases of TiO2 and ZrO2 are reviewed. |
| 東北大学工学部機械知能工学科 Dept. of machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Fac. of Engineering, Tohoku University 〒980 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,315-320(1993) |
| 大型ダイヤ単結晶の合成 Growing Method of a Large Synthetic Diamond Singe Crystal |
| 佐藤周一 角谷均 Shuichi SATOH Hitoshi SUMIYA |
| Crystal growth mass is proportional to an area of a crystal surface. For producing a large diamond single crystal within a short time, we tried to use a large single seed crystal to obtain a single crystal immediately on it by the Temperature Gradient Method. A large single crystal, ten-carat size, was obtained within a short time, but many metal solvent inclusions were not removed in the above-mentioned seed crystal. The distribution of inclusions was related to morphologies. When a crystal grows into a hexagonal shape, a density of inclusions is minimized. |
| 住友電気工業?活 ﾉ丹研究所/無機材質研究所先端機能性材料開発センター Itami research Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. 〒664-0016 兵庫県伊丹市昆陽北1丁目1-1 1-1-1, Koya-Kita, Itami 664-0016 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,321-327(1993) |
| わが国における温州ミカンの果汁加工と超高圧殺菌 Ultra High Pressure Sterilization and New Development in the Japanese Fruit Juice Industry |
| 伊福靖 高橋保男 Yasushi IFUKU Yasuo TAKAHASHI |
| Japan has fully opened its market to overseas fruit juice suppliers as from April 1, 1991, after experiencing very strict import restrictions implemented after the world war II. This change is affecting substantially the Japanese fruit juice industry which has been heavily relied on mandarin juice, made from locally grown satsuma mandarin fruit and juice diluted products rather than 100% juice. Citrus juice occupied about 50% of the total juice consumed in 1992 and 100% consumption in the same year reached 34% of juice market share. As more imported sweet orange and other juices and more 100% juice consumption is expected, the local satsuma mandarin fruit growers and mandarin juice manufactures meet with difficulties. Mandarin juice is very heat sensitive, bringing unfavorable flavor once it is heat-treated. In order to overcome this chemical change, we have developed a special sterilization process by the use of ultra high pressure, which requires practically no heat. After making some tests during 1991/1992 mandarin crop season, we went into the commercial production of satsuma mandarin juice in the 1992/1993 season. |
| （社）和歌山県農産物加工研究所 Wakayama Agricultural Processing Research Corporation 〒649-61 和歌山県那賀郡桃山町調月398 398, Tsukatuki Momoyama, Naga-gun, Wakayama 649-61 |
| 実験ワンポイント Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 2-4,328-330(1993) |
| サファイア・アンビル技術への誘い An Invitation to Sapphire-Anvil Technique |
| 小野寺昭史 Akifumi ONODERA |
| A brief description is given of the techniques for sapphire-anvil cell including anvil design, selection of gasket materials, operation, and applications. |
| 流通科学大学商学部 〒651-2188 神戸市西区学園西町 3-1 3-1, Gakuennishi-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2188 |
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