| 特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,14-23(1996) |
| 超臨界流体構造の理論と計算 Theoretical and Computational Studies on the Structure of Supercritical Fluids |
| 岡崎 進 Susumu OKAZAKI |
| Recent progress in theoretical and simulation studies of structure of supercritical fluids are reviewed. First, studies of magnetic transition by Ising spin model are revisited in order to deepen our general understanding of static properties of supercritical fluids, because there are a number of common features of physics between these systems near their critical points. Second, an analysis of the structure in terms of clusters is presented, being in line with that of percolation theory. Finally, very recent development of computer simulations for supercritical water and its solutions is described, which is one of the most promising tool for the microscopic study of the structure and dynamics of the fluids. [supercritical fluid, structure, Ising model, percolation, cluster, computer simulation, supercritical water] |
| 〒226 横浜市緑区長津田町4259 東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科電子化学専攻 Depertment of Electronic Chemisury, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226 |
| 特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,24-33(1996) |
| 超臨界流体の構造とゆらぎ Structure and Fluctuation of Supercritical Fluids |
| 西川 恵子 Keiko NISHIKAWA |
| Supercritical fluids have attracted much interest as promising solvent of a new type. The characteristic properties of supercritical fluids as solvents are said to be mainly due to the ability of clustering. Several studies on clustering of supercritical fluids by neutron and X-ray diffraction methods are presented. The packing of molecules in the clusters are determined by wide-angle diffraction experiments. The studies on water and carbon dioxide are presented. The information on the cluster size and inhomogeneity are obtained by small-angle diffraction experiments. The density fluctuation and the correlation length are the measures of inhomogeneity of the systems and cluster size, respectively. The temperature and pressure dependence of these parameters is shown for supercritical carbon dioxide. [supercritical fluid, cluster, diffraction, structure, density fluctuation, correlation length] |
| 〒240 横浜市保土ヶ谷区常盤台156 横浜国立大学教育学部 Faculty of Education, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240 |
| 特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,34-41(1996) |
| 超臨界流体中の有機化合物の相互拡散係数 Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluids |
| 船造 俊孝 Toshitaka FUNAZUKURI |
| Studies on binary diffusion coefficients D12 of organic compounds in supercritical(SC) carbon dioxide ware reviewed, and the correlations for predicting D12 were tested. As a result, the Schmidt number correlation, and the correlation with the solvent viscosity were found to be effective for binary diffusion coefficients not only in SC CO2 but also in liquid organic solvents. The Dymond's free volume equation was applicable only in the limited pressure range, whereas many investigators correlate their measured D12 values with this equation. [binary diffusivity, supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide, Taylor dispersion, organic compounds] |
| 〒240 横浜市保土ヶ谷区常盤台156 横浜国立大学工学部 物質工学科 Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University 156 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240 |
| 特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,42-49(1996) |
| 超臨界流体中および圧縮液相媒体中の異性化反応における動的溶媒効果 Dynamic Solvent Effects on Isomerizations in Supercritical Fluids and Compressed Liquid Solvents |
| 原 公彦 Kimihiko HARA |
| The viscosity dependence of chemical reactions in solution reveals various aspects of solute-solvent interactions. This paper is concerned with the dynamic solvent effects on isomerizations in solution. The isomerization accompanying large amplitude motion due to bulky atomic groups serves as a prototype for this purpose. The isomerization of 2-vinylanthracene in S1-exited state has been studied over a wide solvent viscosity range from supercritical fluids to compressed liquids. The "Kramers turnover" behavior has been observed. The turnover region was simulated by a single curve of an additive formula. The dynamic solvent effect on the isomerization accompanied with intramolecular charge-transfer is described by the shift of reaction path, which is called "pressure tuning" effect. [isomerization, dynamic solvent effect, supercritical fluid, compressed liquid, viscosity effect, Kramers turnover, charge transfer, pressure tuning] |
| 〒606-8502 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学大学院 理学研究科 Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 601-8502 |
| 特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,50-56(1996) |
| 超臨界流体による有機物固体の生成 Formation of Organic Solid Particles from Supercritical Fluids |
| 長浜 邦雄 劉 国堂 Kunio NAGAHAMA Liu, Guo-Tang |
| Supercritical fluids have been used to from various organic solids. There are two types of formation methods: precipitation by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) and precipitation by adding supercritical fluids as a gas antisolvent (GAS). RESS method is based on the reduction of solvent power of supercritical fluids by lowering pressure level and can produce very fine particles by controlling crystallization conditions. GAS method is a recrystallization method and exploits the ability of supercritical fluids to lower the solvent power of the liquid for the compounds in solution. As a separation method of solid mixtures the supercriticla fluid crystallization has been investigated for the naphtalene-phenanthrene mixture by use of supercritical carbon dioxide. [supercritical fluid, solid formation, particle. separation] |
| 〒192 八王子市南大沢1-1 東京都立大学工学部工業化学科 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192 |
| 実験ワンポイント Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,57-59(1996) |
| 水圧による高分子ゲルの相転移 Phase Transition of a Polymer Gel Induced by Hydrostatic Pressure |
| 加藤 英治 Eiji KATO |
| A high pressure optical cell is designed for measurement of the volume phase transition of a polymer gel(N-isopropyl-acrylamiede gel) induced by hydrostatic pressure. The volume of the gel is measured by a microscope, and the image during the phase transition is taken by a camera or a CCD camera. [high pressure, N-isopropylacrylamide gel, phase transition] |
| 〒658-0022 神戸市東灘区深江南町5-1-1 神戸商船大学 Kobe University of Mercantile, 5-1-1, Fukae-Minami, Higasinada, Kobe 658 |
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