| 特集-超臨界水の科学と技術- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,16-23(1997) |
| 高温高圧下の水の構造 Structure of Water at High Temperatures and Pressures |
| 松林 伸幸 中原 勝 Nobuyuki MATUBAYASI Masaru NAKAHARA |
| Recent progress in the structural studies of water in the super- and subcritical conditions is reviewed with an emphasis on the hydrogen bonding. The structural characteristics of water at high temperatures and pressures predicted from computer simulations are briefly presented and compared to the results from neutron scattering experiments. The NMR experiments on water in extreme conditions are then described in detail, and the strength of the hydrogen bonding in supercritical water is discussed in terms of the chemical shift. The NMR chemical shift experiments and the computer simulations support the persistence of the hydrogen bonding in supercritical water. [supercritical water, structure, hydrogen bonding, Proton chemical shift, computer simulations, neutron scattering, X-ray diffractometry] |
| 〒611-0011 京都府宇治市五ヶ庄 京都大学化学研究所 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji-city, Kyoto 611-0011 |
| 特集-超臨界水の科学と技術- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,24-29(1997) |
| ラマン分光法による超臨界水の水素結合構造の検討 An In Situ Laser Raman Spectroscopy Study on the Structure of Supercritical Water |
| 生島 豊 Yutaka IKUSHIMA |
| The structure of high-pressure and supercritical water has been examined up to 510 ℃ and 40 MPa with in situ laser Raman spectroscopy. At 24 MPa or below, the hydrogen bonding in the tetrahedral configuration becomes weaker and this structure breaks with increasing temperature, especially near the critical temperature, above which small clusters like dimers are dominant species. At higher pressures, a similar but slight structural change occurs; however, the tetrahedral configuration is predominant above the critical temperature. Near the critical point, short-lived tetrahedral configurations are significantly increased and coexist with dimer and monomer structures at equilibrium. [ Supercritical water, laser Raman spectroscopy, structure, hydrogen bonds ] |
| 〒983-8551 仙台市宮城野区苦竹 4-2-1 東北工業技術研究所機能化学部反応化学研究室 National Industrial Research Institute of Tohoku, 4-2-1 Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8551 |
| 特集-超臨界水の科学と技術- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,30-35(1997) |
| 地球惑星内部における水の役割 Role of water in the Earth and Planets |
| 大谷 栄治 Eiji OHTANI |
| Role of water in the Earth and planets is discussed. Water is one of the most important species controlling the dynamics and evolution of the Earth and planets. Water decreases the melting temperature of the mantle materials, and promotes the magmatism of the Earth. Water has a large effect on the rheology of the crust and mantle minerals such as quartz and olivine, as is called hydrolytic weakening (water weakening). Small amount of water strongly enhances flow and deformation in the crust and mantle. Water is trapped as various hydrous minerals in the deep mantle especially under the low temperature conditions such as in the descending slabs. Water together with other volatile species such as H2, He and CH4 , and NH3 is an important constituent in the Jovian planets and satellites. Water bearing supercritical fluid plays very important roles in the deep atmosphere of the Jovian planets. [water, Earth, hydrolytic weakening, hydrous minerals, Jovian planets, supercritical fluid] |
| 〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学理学部地球物質科学科 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 |
| 特集-超臨界水の科学と技術- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,36-45(1997) |
| 高温岩体およびマグマの掘削へのウォ−タ−ジェット技術の応用 Application of Water Jet Technology to Drilling Hot Dry Rock and Magma |
| 幾世橋 広 Hiroshi KIYOHASHI |
| Recent progress in conventional geothermal drilling technology was briefly reviewed. Then a series of fundamental experiments on water jet drilling a hole in hot dry rocks(HDR) and magma performed by the author was summarized. In the experiments, artificial rocks made of refractory materials and some kinds of rocks at elevated temperatures up to 1100 ℃ were used and flow pressure of the water jet of room temperature at nozzle exit was changed from 2.45 to 194 MPa. It was discussed how the temperature and physical properties of the target materials, standoff distance, pressure of the water jet, nozzle diameter, and so on influence the jet penetration patterns, depth and volume in the materials. [artificial rock, rock, elevated temperature, hot dry rock, magma, water jet, high pressure, jet penetration] |
| 〒980-77 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学大学院工学研究科地球工学専攻 Department of Geoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University,Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-77 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,46-51(1997) |
| IAPWSより公表された軽水および重水の表面張力の新リリースについて New IAPWS Releases on Surface Tensions of Ordinary Water and Heavy Water Substances |
| 高石 吉登 Yoshinori TAKAISHI |
| In March of 1996 International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) issued two newly revised releases on surface tensions of ordinary water substance and heavy water substance. This revision includes changes of the recommended values based on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90) and new correlation equations giving the surface tension as a function of temperature. This article reports the contents of the new releases. [surface tension, ordinary water, heavy water, ITS-90, IAPWS] |
| 〒243-0292 厚木市下荻野1030 神奈川工科大学工学部機械工学科 Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi 243-0292 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,52-57(1997) |
| 高分子ゲルの体積相転移 Volume Phase Transition of Polymeric Gel |
| 石田尾 徹 大谷 信之 荒井 康彦 Toru ISHIDAO Nobuyuki OHTANI Yasuhiko ARAI |
| It has been shown that some polymeric gels undergo continuous or discontinuous volume changes depending on external conditions (e.g., temperature, pH and solvent concentration). Therefore, the gels are expected to be applied as a size-selective extraction solvent and other functional materials. To apply the gel as an extractor or other functional materials, we should study volume changes of the gel in solvent mixtures and concentrations inside and outside the gel. Furthermore, fundamental knowledge of mesh sizes of gel network and interactions between network and solvents have become very important. Therefore, fundamental studies and applications of polymeric gel are reviewed: Thermodynamic models for polymeric gels are reviewed. Finally, pressure-dependent phase transitions in polymeric gels are briefly reviewed and discussed. [polymeric gel, volume phase transition , aqueous solution , solvent concentration, pressure-dependence ] |
| 〒812-8581 福岡市東区箱崎 6-10-1 九州大学大学院工学研究院化学工学部門 Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-1,58-65(1997) |
| 気液界面における蒸発凝縮の分子機構とその周辺 Molecular Mechanism of Evaporation-Condensation on Vapor-Liquid Interface |
| 松本 充弘 Mitsuhiro MATSUMOTO |
| Molecular dynamics computer simulation technique has been applied to investigate fluid phase change mechanisms near vapor-liquid interfaces. The simulation enables us to estimate the most relevant parameter, condensation coefficient αc, which is the ratio of condensation flux to vapor collision flux. We found: (i)αc is less than unity even for simple fluids, and αc of associating fluids is much less than that. (ii) There is a strong temperature dependence of αc. (iii) Under the nonequilibrium condition, αc depends also on the density (or pressure) and the temperature of the vapor. A simple evaporation model based on a transition state theory can explain this behavior to some extent. As related topics, molecular dynamic of nucleation processes is also described. [vapor-liquid interface, evaporation, condensation, fluid phase change, molecular dynamics, computer simulation ] |
| 〒464-01 名古屋市千種区不老町 名古屋大学工学部応用物理学科 Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering , Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01 |
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