学会誌「高圧力の科学と技術」
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.

Vol.6  No.4(1997) Abstract


解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.6-4,199-208(1997)
微小系の熱力学とその応用
Small System Thermodynamics and the Application
田中 満
Mitsuru TANAKA
Small system thermodynamics is briefly discussed in relation to statistical mechanics and applied to solutions of noninteracting multi component micelles and vesicles. It is shown that the Gibbs-Duhem equation does not hold for the lipid membranes of vesicles as well as for micelles. Polydispersity of micelles and thermal fluctuations of the extensive thermodynamic functions are discussed, and equations of temperature and pressure dependencies of solubilities of surfactants in water are derived.

[ micellar size distribution, small system, subdivision potential, surfactant solubility, thermal fluctuation, thermodynamics , and vesicle ]
〒814-0180 福岡市城南区七隈8-19-1  福岡大学 (名誉教授)
Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,209-215(1997)
超臨界水の誘電緩和測定
Measurements of Dielectric Relaxation in Supercritical Water
八尾 誠 岡田 一夫
Makoto YAO Kazuo OKADA
Microwave spectroscopy that can be applied to study the dielectric relaxation of various fluids under high temperature and pressure has been developed in the frequency range up to 40 GHz. By utilizing this new technique the dielectric relaxation in water has been measured in the temperature and pressure range up to 750 ℃ and 120 MPa, which corresponds to a density range between 0.05 and 1 g/cm3. The static dielectric constant ε(0) is deduced from the time required for microwave signal to travel through the sample by means of the time domain analysis. The dielectric relaxation time τ is obtained by fitting the experimentally observed microwave transmission rate to the value calculated using the S-matrices on the assumption that the dielectric constant obeys the Debye relaxation. It is concluded that the most relevant parameter determining τ is the temperature at lower temperatures or higher densities, and is the density at higher temperatures or lower densities.

[water, supercritical fluid, dielectric relaxation, microwave spectroscopy]
〒606-8502 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学第一教室
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,216-221(1997)
X線吸収法による高温高圧下での密度測定
Density Measurements under High Temperature and High Pressure by Means of X-ray Absorption
片山 芳則
Yoshinori KATAYAMA
We developed a new method for density measurements under high temperature and high pressure by means of X-ray absorption using a large volume press combined with a synchrotron radiation source. To overcome the variation of the sample thickness under pressure, a sapphire ball or a sapphire ring was used as a calibrant of the thickness. Results on tellurium and bismuth were reviewed.

[density, high pressure, high temperature, liquid , synchrotron radiation, x-ray absorption, tellurium, bismuth]
〒679-5148 兵庫県佐用郡三日月町光都1-1-1 日本原子力研究所関西研究所放射光利用研究部
Department of Synchrotron Radiation Facility Project, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5148



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,222-229(1997)
立方晶B-C-Nの静的高温高圧合成とキャラクタリゼーション
Synthesis of Cubic B-C-N under Static High Pressure and Temperature and its Characterization
中野 智志
Satoshi NAKANO
Static direct transformation of graphitic BC2N to cubic forms was discussed on the basis of our results of synthetic experiments and characterizations for the products. The graphitic BC2N was successfully transformed to diamond-like cubic phases at 7.7 GPa and 2150-2400 ℃ for 15-60 min using a belt-type high-pressure apparatus. Crystallization of cubic B-C-N compound was confirmed in the products obtained at 2300 ℃ by means of XRD and ATEM. The cubic B-C-N, however, was segregated to diamond and cBN with increasing the synthetic temperature to 2400 ℃, which was also supported by SEM and AES. The formation behavior seems to provide some conceptions to explore new materials by high-pressure synthesis.

[high-pressure synthesis, static high pressure, high temperature, direct transformation, characterization, cubic boron carbonitride, diamond, cubic boron nitride]
〒305-0044 つくば市並木1-1 無機材質研究所
National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044



論文
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,230-235(1997)
分析電顕によるガーネット-ペロブスカイト相変態の研究
Analytical Electron Microscopy of Garnet-Perovskite Phase Transformation
宮島 延吉1 藤野 清志2 船守 展正3 近藤 忠4 八木 健彦5
Nobuyoshi MIYAJIMA1 Kiyoshi FUJINO2 Nobumasa FUNAMORI 3
Tadashi KONDO4 Takehiko YAGI5
Natural pyrope garnets have been transformed at 35-60 GPa by a laser-heated diamond anvil cell(DAC), and the recovered samples were examined with an analytical electron microscope(AEM). Orthorhombic perovskite was the dominant product phase after the transformation, and the Al content in perovskite increases with pressure and temperature. However, Al-rich perovskite was metastably inverted into the lithium niobate phase during the decompression. The mode of transition behavior of orthorhombic perovskite to the lithium niobate phase varies with the Al content in orthorhombic perovskite. Orthorhombic perovskite with less than 25 mol % Al2O3 can be quenched as orthorhombic perovskite after the release of pressure. In contrast, perovskite with about 25-28 mol% Al2O3 becomes the alternating lamellae of orthorhombic perovskite and the lithium niobate phases, having the topotactic relation with each other after the decompression. With further increasing the Al2O3 content in perovskite, it is completely converted into the lithium niobate phase with polysynthetic twinning on{1012}hex. From this study, it was proved that, even for Al-rich garnets, the dominant post-garnet phase under the lower mantle condition is orthorhombic perovskite.

[DAC, AEM, garnet-perovskite transformation, orthorhombic perovskite-lithium niobate phase transition, topotactic relation, polysynthetic twinning]
1D-95440 Bayreuth, GERMANY Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitat Bayreuth
2〒060-0810 札幌市北区北10条西8 北海道大学理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
Division of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810
3〒113-0033 東京都文京区本郷7-3-1 東京大学大学院理学系研究科地球惑星科学専攻
4〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学理学部地球物質科学科
5〒277-8581 柏市柏の葉5-1-5 東京大学物性研究所新物質科学研究部門



サロン
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 6-4,236-241(1997)
高圧食品開発物語(その3)
−低アレルゲンご飯および米パンの開発−
Story of Development of High-Pressure Processed Foods, Part 3
-A method of development of low allergenic cooked rice and bread-
山崎 彬 笹川 秋彦
Akira YAMAZAKI Akihiko SASAGAWA
The number of patients suffering from food allergies in Japan has recently shown an increase. In addition to egg, milk,and soybean allergies, an increase in cereal allergies from rice, which is the main staple in the Japanese diet, and from wheat is creating important social problems which do not affect just the patient and the patient's family. Accordingly, we would like to discuss the development of low allergenic cooked rice and low allergenic rice bread made from rice which has had the allergens removed by means of high pressure.

[high-pressure processed foods,allergen,allergy,food allergy,low allergenic rice, low allergenic rice bread]
〒940-0056 長岡市呉服町1-4-5 越後製菓(株)総合研究所社長室
Research Institute, Echigo Seika Co.,Ltd.,1-4-5 Gohuku-cho Nagaoka-shi 940-0056




〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp