特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,71-77(1996) |
超臨界流体に対する高沸点化合物の溶解度 Solubility of High-Boiling Components in Supercritical Fluid |
岩井 芳夫 内田 博久 Yashio IWAI Hirohisa UCHIDA |
Solubilities of high-boiling components in supercritical fluid are reviewed from the point of view of process design. The authors described the solid-gas equilibria for binary systems, entrainer effects, supercritical fluid + two solid components for ternary systems. Furthermore, a prediction method by using an equation of state and molecular simulation we shown to calculate the solubilities of high-boiling components and the entrainer effects. Finally, the distinction for pressure dependence of the solubilities of high-boiling compounds between solid-gas and liquid-gas equilibria was discussed. |
〒812-81 福岡市東区箱崎6-10-1 九州大学工学部化学機械工学科 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyusshu University, 6-10-1 Gajizaki, Higasi-ku, Fukuoka 812-81, Japan |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,78-83(1996) |
超臨界流体によるクロマトグラフィー分離 Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic Separation |
山本 修一 Shuichi YAMAMOTO |
The relationship between the plate height
HETP and the linear mobile phase velocity
μ in supercritical fluid chromatography
(SFC) were investigated over a wide
range
of experimental conditions (Pressure
p=8.5〜15MPa,
temperature T=35〜45℃) with carbon
dioxide
as the mobile phase. When the HETP-μ
curves
were converted into the dimensionless
variables
h=HETP/dp andν=udp/Dm, the curves
were similar
regardless of the pressure, the temperature
and the state of the mobile phase.
The distribution
coefficient K decreased with increasing
T
and /or p. The K values were correlated
to
the mobile phase density. A linear
increase
of the pressure was applied to elute
the
sample from the column. The results
have
shown that the separation behavior
of SFC
at low sample loading can be predicted
by
ordinary liquid chromatography models.
Further
research should be done for the prediction
of separation behavior at overloaded
conditions. [supercritical fluid, chromatographic, diffusion coefficient, axial desperation, HETP, distribution coefficient] |
〒755 山口県宇部市常盤台2557 山口大学工学部応用化学工学科 Department of Chemical Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai, Ube 755 |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,84-89(1996) |
超臨界流体技術の実用化 Practical Application of Supercritical Fluid |
武藤 恒久 Tsunehisa MUTOH |
Practical use of supercritical fluid such
as Co2 as an extraction medium ha been
known;
e.q.,Co2 is applied to the extraction
process
of food additives on the industrial
scale.
Furthermore, many other advantages
have been
studied recently in a wide area. In
this
paper, the novel process of direct
hydration
reaction of n-butene under supercritical
condition is reviewed. [supercritical fluid, extraction, phase equilibrium, physical properties, hydration] |
〒106 東京都港区芝6-5-1 出光石油化学(株) 技術部 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd, Shiba 6-5-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,90-95(1996) |
超臨界二酸化炭素中での有機合成 Organic Syntheses in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide |
相田 哲夫 Tetsuo AIDA |
The possibilities of the practical application
of the supercritical carbon dioxide
for the
organic syntheses have been discussed
based
upon the recent experimental results
obtained
at author's laboratory, focusing on
the "unusual
phenomena", i.e., the acceleration
of
reaction rates, the shift of equilibrium
constants, or the selectivity of reaction
products which were used to be induced
near
the critical points(Tc & Pc). [Supercritical carbon dioxide, ester-condensation, catalytic oxidation, photo-isomerization] |
〒820 福岡県飯塚市柏の森 11-6 近畿大学九州工学部
工業化学科 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Kinki University at Kyushu, 11-6 Kashiwanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820 |
小特集-水ジェット- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,96-97(1996) |
水の硬さ Stiffness of Water |
相原 康彦 Yasuhiko AIHARA |
The generation of high pressure in water
associated with the tangential impact
of
a solid body is reviewed, and the possible
application of the transient or unsteady
behaviors of fluid motion including
the water
jet technology is suggested. [High water pressure, Transient response] |
〒259-12 神奈川県平塚市北金目 1117 東海大学工学部航空宇宙学科 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-12 |
小特集-水ジェット- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,98-102(1996) |
水ジェットの特性 Characteristics of Water Jets |
柳井田 勝哉 Katsuya YANAIDA |
The characteristics of a water jet emerging
from the nozzle into an infinite space
filled
with air is described in this paper.
The
water jet is characterized by the maximum
velocity and pressure decay in the
jet axis,
velocity and pressure distribution,
jet spreading
width and core length. Especially,
the core
length of jet can be estimated as a
basic
factor for the characteristics of a
water
jet. [jet characteristics, jet spreading width, maximum velocity and pressure, core length] |
〒813 福岡市東区松香台 2-1-3 九州産業大学工学部機械工学科 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, Matsukadai, Higashiku, Fukuoka 813 |
小特集-水ジェット- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,103-109(1996) |
破壊のメカニズム Mechanism of Fracture |
小林 陵二 Ryoji KOBAYASHI |
The mechanism of solid materials is considered
for the water jet in air, the abrasive
jet
which is a water jet including abrasives,
the underwater cavitating jet and the
supersonic
air jet. It is emphasized that the
users
should take note of each fracture mechanism
in their applications, because the
mechanism
is quite different among the jets mentioned
above. [Water Jet, Abrasive Jet, Cavitating Jet, Supersonic Jet, Mechanism of Fracture, Jet Cutting] |
〒980-77 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学工学部機械知能工学科 Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77 |
論文 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,110-115(1996) |
高純度ダイヤモンド単結晶の合成U Synthesis of High Purity Diamond Single Crystal U |
角谷 均 戸田 直大 佐藤 周一 Hitoshi SUMIYA Naohiro TODA Shuichi SATOH |
High purity synthetic diamond crystals (type
Ua) grown by the temperature gradient
method
with impurities less than 0.1ppm were
studied
on the crystal defects or residual
strains
in detail by polarizing microscopy,
double-crystal
X-ray rocking curve measurement, X-ray
topography
and Raman spectroscopy. The results
indicated
that the synthetic type Ua diamonds
had
less crystal defects and lower residual
strain
than natural diamonds or synthetic
type Tb
diamonds. Furthermore it was found
that some
of dislocations of the synthetic type
Ua
diamond could be removed and the crystalline
quality of the diamonds could be higher
by
using strain-free and low defect crystals
for the seeds. [synthetic high purity diamond crystal, typeUa diamond, high pressure and high temperature, crystallinity, rocking curve, X-ray topography] |
〒664 兵庫県伊丹市昆陽北1-1-1 住友電気工業株式会社 伊丹研究所 Itami Researh Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., 1-1-1, Koya-kita, Itami, Hyogo, 664 |
論説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,116-121(1996) |
高圧力研究から地震研究への一定案 A Proposal from High-pressure Research to Seismological Research |
岡井 敏 Bin OKAI |
It was shown that strain meters at observation
stations in Kobe did not satisfactorily
function
during periods including the occurrence
time
of the 1995 Kobe earthquake, while
present
stress meters are incapable of continuous
recording. Here we propose a new stress
meter
for earthquake surveillance which continuously
records the accurate value of stress.
The
probe for measuring stress is a coil
of managing
wire having pressure-sensitive resistivity
which is confined within a thin vessel
filled
with liquid. Such vessels are buried
underground
in groups of 6 with different orientations
to record the 6 components of stress.
Extra
values of stress caused by burying
the vessels
can be subtracted from the observed
data.
Thus the absolute values of underground
stress
are obtained. [stress meter, managing wire, underground stress, earthquake surveillance] |
〒163-91 東京都新宿区西新宿1-24-2 工学院大学一般教育部 Faculty of General Education, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-91 |
論説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-2,122-123(1996) |
地核応力測定の問題点 Difficulty in Measuring the Criustal Stress |
島田 充彦 Mitsuhiko SHIMADA |
The full knowledge of the state of stress
in the earth's crust is indispensable
for
earthquake prediction research. Today,
the
crystal stress is measured only intermittently
at limited sites by several methods,
but
not continuously. There are some difficulties
in measuring the crystal stress (and
not
strain) continuously and monitoring
its variation
with time. The main reason is the fundamental
lack of any effective method, because
we
have to know quantitatively the an
isotropic
deformation of the measuring device
due to
an isotropic crystal stress. A comment
is
presented on a proposed method for
continuous
stress measurement by a stress meter
composed
of a disk-shaped pressure vessel filled
with
liquid. [crystal stress, continuous measurement, pressure vessel, earthquake prediction] |
〒611 宇治市五ヶ庄 東京大学防犯研究所地震予知研究センター |
〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp