特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,14-23(1996) |
超臨界流体構造の理論と計算 Theoretical and Computational Studies on the Structure of Supercritical Fluids |
岡崎 進 Susumu OKAZAKI |
Recent progress in theoretical and simulation
studies of structure of supercritical
fluids
are reviewed. First, studies of magnetic
transition by Ising spin model are
revisited
in order to deepen our general understanding
of static properties of supercritical
fluids,
because there are a number of common
features
of physics between these systems near
their
critical points. Second, an analysis
of the
structure in terms of clusters is presented,
being in line with that of percolation
theory.
Finally, very recent development of
computer
simulations for supercritical water
and its
solutions is described, which is one
of the
most promising tool for the microscopic
study
of the structure and dynamics of the
fluids. [supercritical fluid, structure, Ising model, percolation, cluster, computer simulation, supercritical water] |
〒226 横浜市緑区長津田町 4259 東京工業大学大学院総合理工学研究科電子化学専攻 Depertment of Electronic Chemisury, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226 |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,24-33(1996) |
超臨界流体の構造とゆらぎ Structure and Fluctuation of Supercritical Fluids |
西川 恵子 Keiko NISHIKAWA |
Supercritical fluids have attracted interest
as promising solvent of a new type.
The characteristic
properties of supercritical fluids
as solvents
are said to be mainly due to the ability
of clustering. Several studies on clustering
of supercritical fluids by neutron
and X-ray
diffraction methods are presented.
The packing
of molecules in the clusters are determined
by wide-angle diffraction experiments.
The
studies on water and carbon dioxide
are presented.
The information on the cluster size
and inhomogeneity
are obtained by small-angle diffraction
experiments.
The density fluctuation and the correlation
length are the measures of inhomogeneity
of the systems and cluster size, respectively.
The temperature and pressure dependence
of
these parameters is shown for supercritical
carbon dioxide. [supercritical fluid, cluster, diffraction, structure, density fluctuation correlation length] |
〒240 横浜市保土ヶ谷区常盤台156 横浜国立大学教育学部 Faculty of Education, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240 |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,34-41(1996) |
超臨界流体中の有機化合物の相互拡散係数 Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluids |
船造 俊孝 Tositaka FUNAZUKURI |
Studies on binary diffusion coefficients
D12 of organic compounds in supercritical
carbon dioxide ware reviewed, and the
correlations
for predicting D12 were tested. As
a result,
the Schmidt number correlation, and
the correlation
with the solvent viscosity were found
to
be effective for binary diffusion coefficients
not only in SC CO2 but also in liquid
organic
solvents. The Dymond's free volume
equation
was applicable only in the limited
pressure
range, whereas many investigators correlate
their measured D12 values with this
equation. [binary diffusivity, supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide, Taylor dispersion, organic compounds] |
〒240 横浜市保土ヶ谷区常盤台156 横浜国立大学工学部 物質工学科 Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University 156 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240 |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,42-49(1996) |
超臨界流体中および圧縮液相媒体中の異性化反応における動的溶媒効果 Dynamic Solvent Effects on Isomerizations in Supercritical Fluids and Compressed Liquid Solvents |
原 公彦 Kimihiko HARA |
The viscosity dependence of chemical reactions
in solution reveals various aspects
of solute-solvent
interactions. This paper is concerned
with
the dynamic solvent effects on isomerizations
in solution. The isomerization accompanying
large amplitude motion due to bulky
atomic
groups serves as a prototype for this
purpose.
The isomerization of 2-vinylanthracene
in
S1-exited state has been studied over
a wide
solvent viscosity range from supercritical
fluids to compressed liquids. The "Kramers
turnover" behavior has been observed.
The turnover region was simulated by
a single
curve of an additive formula. The dynamic
solvent effect on the isomerization
accompanied
with intramolecular charge-transfer
is described
by the shift of reaction path, which
is called
"pressure tuning" effect. [isomerization, dynamic solvent effect, supercritical fluid, compressed liquid, viscosity effect, Kramers turnover, charge transfer, pressure tuning] |
〒606-01 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学大学院 理学研究科 Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 601-01 |
特集-超臨界流体の基礎と応用- Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,50-56(1996) |
超臨界流体による有機物固体の生成 Formation of Organic Solid Particles from Supercritical Fluids |
長浜 邦雄 劉 国堂 Kunihiro NAGAHAMA Liu, Guo-Tang |
Supercritical fluids have been used to from
various organic solids. There are two
types
of formation method: precipitation
by rapid
expansion of supercritical solutions
(RESS)
and precipitation by adding supercritical
fluids as a gas antisolvent (GAS).
RESS method
is based on the reduction of solvent
power
of supercritical fluids by lowering
pressure
level and can produce very fine particles
by controlling crystallization conditions
GAS method is a recrystallization method
and exploits the ability of supercritical
fluids to lower the solvent power of
the
liquid for the compounds in solution.
As
a separation method of solid mixture
by use
of supercritical carbon dioxide. [supercritical fluid, solid formation, particle. separation] |
〒192 八王子市南大沢1-1 東京都立大学工学部工業化学科 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192 |
実験ワンポイント Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 5-1,57-59(1996) |
水圧による高分子ゲルの相転移 Phase transition of a Polymer Gel Induced by Hydrostatic Pressure |
加藤 英治 Eiji KATO |
A high pressure optical cell is designed for measurement of the volume phase transition of a polymer gel(N-isopropyl-acrylamiede gel) induced by hydrostatic pressure. The volume of the gel is measured by a microscope, and the image during the phase transition is taken by a camera or a CCD camera. |
〒658 神戸市東灘区深江南町5-1-1 神戸商船大学 Kobe University of Mercantile, 5-1-1, Fukae-Minami, Higasinada, Kobe 658 |
〒606-0805
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