学会誌「高圧力の科学と技術」
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.

Vol.1  No.2 (1992) Abstract


解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,99-105(1992)
有機金属化合物の加圧熱分解による機能性炭素材料の合成
Synthesis of Functional Carbons by Pressure Pyrolysis of Organometallic Compounds
平野眞一・余語利信 
Shin-ichi HIRANO Toshinobu YOGO
Carbon composites of controlled morphology dispersed with finely metal or metallic compound particles can be synthesized in high carbon yield by the pressure pyrolysis of orgnometallic polymers. The size and the morphology of the carbon matrix can be controlled by the selection of the pyrolysis conditions as well as the amounts of coexistent water and the metal concentration in copolymers. Organometallic polymers undergo pressure pyrolysis affording the liquid phase of oligomers, which is responsible for the morphology of carbons through liquid-liquid microphase separation. Supercritical water affected the liquid phase separation during pyrolysis yielding carbon spherulite of about several micrometers dispersed with ferrite particles less than 100 nm. The magnetic properties of metaldispersed carbon are attributed to the crystallinity and the particle size of the metals, which have been found to depend strongly on the properties of both the carbon-metal bond of orgnometallic compounds and the carbon-carbon bond of the polymer matrix. Metal-dispersed carbon composites of controlled morphology have potentials of many applications for magnetic materials, catalysts and pigments and so on. This processing affords a novel method for producing carbon nano-composites with controlled microstructure and morphology.
〒464-8603 名古屋市千種区不老町 名古屋大学 工学部 応用化学科
Dept. of Applied Chemistry, School of Endineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,106-114(1992)
シンクロトロン放射光と超高圧下のX線実験(第1回)
X-ray Diffraction Study Under High Pressure Using Synchrotron Radiation
八木健彦 
Takehiko YAGI
X-ray diffraction studies under high pressure using synchrotron radiation at the Photon Factory are reviewed. In 1983, a system named "MAX80" was constructed, which consists of a cubic anvil type high pressure vessel combined with a 500-ton hydraulic ram and a positioning stage. High quality powder X-ray diffraction studies can be performed using this system in the pressure range up to 12 GPa and in the temperature range from 300 K to 1700 K. Various studies such as precise measurement of the equations of state, phase diagram, and the kinetics of the phase transformations have been carried out using this system.
〒277-8581 柏市柏の葉 5-1-5 東京大学 物性研究所新物質科学研究部門
The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa-shi 277-8581



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,115-126(1992)
水熱科学の未来像-21世紀の科学技術を目指して-
Future Aspects of Hydrothermal Technique
-Application to Closed System-
山崎仲道 
Nakamichi YAMASAKI
The important subjects of technology in the 21th century are predicted to be the balance of environmental and resource and/or energy problems. These problems will only come to satisfactory solution by exploitation of resource in wastes.
Nowadays, the hydrothermal reaction has been applied in inorganic fields such as crystal growth, powder synthesis, wet metallurgy, and so on. Some following new processes and technologies which relate the organic waste problems to resource, are presented;
1) Geo-chemical process; a) Application to liquefaction and gasification of organic wastes in geochemical reactor for advanced geothermal energy utilization. b) Hydrothermal degradation of toxic and hazardous materials such as chlorinated organic materials (PCBs, Dioxines, BHC, etc.).
2) Wet combustion process; Combination of organic waste treatment with wet combustion (application to make a liquid fertilizer for sterile land and ocean and to make a new power plant process).
〒980-8579 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉01 東北大学大学院工学研究科地球工学専攻



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,127-134(1992)
地熱発電について
Geothermal Power Generation
池上正俊 
Masatoshi IKEGAMI
This paper is concerned with the principle and the mechanism of geothermal power generation, as well as the brief history and the present situation of geothermal energy utilization. This history of geothermal power generation dates from 1904 when a 0.5 kW unit was operated on geothermal steam in Larderello, Italy. Some 90 years have passed since then, and it can be said that the technology for generating electric power using geothermal energy stably and economically over a long period of time has been established during the past decade. At the present time, geothermal power generation accounts for only less than 1 % of the total electric power consumption in the world but it is conducted in 18 countries of the world including Japan. Geothermal power generation is expected to develop more and more in future as clean, purely domestic energy source acceptable to the environments of the earth.
〒850- 長崎市飽の浦町 1-1 三菱重工業(株)長崎造船所
Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinary Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. , 1-1 Akunoura, Nagasaki 850-



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,135-142(1992)
高温高圧水を用いたレアメタルの新分離法
New Separation Process for Rare Metals by Using Hydrothemal Reaction
徳田昌則・内田聡・豊田祥一 
Masanori TOKUDA Satoshi UCHIDA Shoichi TOYODA
Some examples of new application of the hydrothermal process to the extraction of rare metals from complex ores are presented. Tungsten can be separated from tin-tailing which contains tungsten and tin oxides under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. Typical rare-earth ores, such as bastnaesite, xenotime, monazite and ion-exchange ore, are also extracted with aqueous solution of NaOH to produce a mixture of rare-earth hydroxides under high temperatures and pressures. The possiblity of nickel extraction process by using hydrothermal reaction is discussed.
〒980-8577 仙台市青葉区片平 東北大学素材工学研究所
Institute for Advanced Materials Processing, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577



Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,143-146(1992)
合成ダイヤモンドの周辺(第2回)
生産体制づくりと特許戦争の始まり
Anecdotes of the Diamond Synthesis[2]
"The production began, and so did the law suit."
細見暁
Satoru HOSOMI
Very soon after their production was started, Komatsu Diamond Co. recieved, in June 1963, a letter from GE warning of possible infringement on their registered patent rights. This was the kickoff of a years long series of law suits between the two parties.
Upon the registration of their "belt" apparatus patent in 1964, GE lodged, unsuccessfully, an application for a provisional court order to prohibit Komatsu's use of the brand-new apparatuses. The definitive proceedings began in late 1965, and legal inspectors came to the plant for the first time in 1966. The point of dispute was based on the difference in interpretation of the function of, particularly, the die lined with the ceramic sleeve.
〒323-0807 小山市城東4-5-1 トーメイダイヤ(株)
Tomei Diamond Co., Ltd., 4-5-1 Joto, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0807



Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-2,147-153(1992)
熱水反応により造られる人工水晶
Synthetic Quartz Crystal Produced by Hydrothermal Reaction
槍田義則 
Yoshinori UTSUGITA
This paper is concerned with the synthesis of quartz crystal by hydrothermal reaction. The mechanism and control of the crystal growth, and how to evaluate the quality of the synthetic quartz crystal are discussed, as well as the brief historical review of synthetic quartz production. To manufacture synthetic quartz crystal, developers employ the hydrothermal temperature gradientmethod. This manufacturing process remains unchanged from the early days of synthetic quartz crystal development and manufacturers will continue to use it in the future. Since industries began massproducing of synthetic quartz crystal, makers have developed quartz crystal products to meetchanging market demands, including the demand for optical parts. As the demand for quartz resonators continues to expand, users will issue more exacting requirements about size, precision and stability. Makers will have to escalate their quality control and growth control procedures.
〒350- 埼玉県狭山市上広瀬 1275-2 日本電波工業(株)
Synthetic Quartz Production Dept., Nihon Kogyo Co., Ltd., 4-5-1 Kamihirose, Sayama, Saitama 350-




〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp