学会誌「高圧力の科学と技術」
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.

Vol.1  No.4 (1992) Abstract


解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,246-253(1992)
超高圧下におけるセリウム・モノプニクタイドの物性研究
Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ce-monopnictides under High Pressure
毛利 信男 
Nobuo MORI
Recent high pressure experiments on the electrical and magnetic properties of Ce-monopnictides are reviewed, which illustrates how the high pressure technique can be used to gain information about the electronic and magnetic state of these compounds. Experiments under pressure up to 8GPa and at low temperature down to 4.2K were undertaken using a new high pressure apparatus developed originally in our laboratory. The high pressure generation under low temperatures is explained for precise electrical measurements.
〒277-8581 柏市柏の葉 5-1-5 東京大学 物性研究所 極限環境物性研究部門
The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kahihanoha, Kashiwa-shi 277-8581



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,254-262(1992)
高圧下における水溶液系の相平衡と溶解度
Phase Equilibria and Solubilities of Aqueous Mixtures under High Pressure
森吉孝 
Takashi MORIYOSHI
The properties of aqueous mixtures containing organic liquids vary uniquely with composition in a manner depending on the nature of the solute molecules; the behavior is responsible for producing several kinds of phase separation and has received much attention in solution chemistry. Information on the phase equilibria of the aqueous mixtures is particularly important in development of industrial separation techniques such as distillation, absorption, extraction, crystallization etc. The purpose of this review is to describe briefly the phase equilibria under high pressure for some cases of aqueous binary and ternary mixtures with organic liquids. Comments are given about the effects of temperature and pressure on the critical solution properties, solubilites, and ability of extraction.
〒761-0301 高松市林町 2217-43 高温高圧流体技術研究所



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,263-271(1992)
超臨界水溶液から得られる不思議な微粉
Mysterious Fine Particles Formed during the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Water Solutions
田中嘉之
Yoshiyuki TANAKA
Fine silica particles have been produced by the rapid expansion of supercritical water-SiO2 solutions (RESS) at temperatures of 723 and 823 K and pressures from 50 to 100 MPa. New spherical particles sprouting whiskers have also been discovered in the autoclave after the RESS.
The solubility of solids in supercritical fluids is a very sensitive function of temperature and pressure. Small changes of pressure result in large changes in density and solvent power, because supercritical fluids are highly compressible. Thus, the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions can give rise to very large supersaturation ratios. Nucleation rates are determined by the competition among solvent expansion, cooling due to depressurization, and high supersaturation. In order to control the product morphology, the effects of experimental parameters, such as preexpansion temperature and pressure, solute concentration, depressurization schemes, nozzle configuration, and sampling method on the product characteristics of materials, have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the control of particle size distribution is possible by regulating supersaturation ratio as well as suitable selection of preexpansion temperature and pressure. Unique features of the RESS process are discussed.
〒657-8501 神戸市灘区六甲台町 1  神戸大学 工学部 応用化学科
Department of Chemical Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University , 1, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,272-279(1992)
食品産業とバイオテクノロジーのための高圧生物科学
High Pressure Bioscience Supporting High Pressure Use in Food Science and Biotechnology
林力丸 
Rikimaru HAYASHI
The method of high pressure processing have been introduced in processing, preservation, and sterillization of food during these six years in Japan to produce high quality food of natural taste and flavor. This article describes the present status of research and development of this new trend. Especially, the necessity of high pressure bioscience is stressed for further development of this new philosophy to achieve the industrial success.
〒606 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学 農学部 農芸化学科
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho,Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku,Kyoto 606



小特集-高温高圧下の液体金属・半導体-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,280-287(1992)
高温・高圧下における液体アルカリ金属の構造
Structure of Liquid Alkali Metals
星野公三 
Kozo HOSHINO
Recent progress in the theoretical study on the structure of liquid metals under high temperature and high pressure is reviewed. In particular, the density dependence of the static and dynamical structure of expanded liquid alkali metals along the liquid-vapour coexistence curve from the melting point to the critical point is investigated by the recent reliable integral equation theory. The theory can reproduce well the characteristic features of the structure of expanded liquid alkali metals obtained experimentally. The temperature dependence of the structure of liquid alkali metals along the isocore line is also investigated.
〒730 広島市中区東千田町 1-1-89 広島大学総合科学部
Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-89, Higashi-Senda, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730



小特集-高温高圧下の液体金属・半導体-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,288-296(1992)
高温・高圧下における臨界点近傍の流体水銀
Expanded Fluid Mercury near the Liquid-Gas Critical Point
八尾誠 遠藤裕久 
Makoto YAO Hirohisa ENDO
The experimental apparatus for measuring the PVT-data, electrical and optical properties of expanded fluid mercury near the liquid-gas critical point are reviewed. By using these apparatus, the equation-of-state, optical absorption spectrum, thermopower data can be obtained accurately over the wide temperature and pressure range. In fluid mercury the metal-nonmetal transition occurs near the density of 9 g/cm3 and the thermopower has a considerably large negative value in the vicinity of the critical point. The optical data for fluid iodine and chalcogen mixture are also included.
〒606-01 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学 理学部 物理学第一教室
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kitasirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01



小特集-高温高圧下の液体金属・半導体-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,297-304(1992)
金属-非金属転移をおこす低密度流体水銀の構造
Structural Studies on the Metal-Nonmetal Transition in Expanded Fluid Mercury
田村剛三郎A 細川伸也B 
Kozaburo TAMURA Shinya HOSOKAWA
In this paper we describe the experimental techniques, the method of data analysis and the results of our recent structural studies for expanded fluid Hg. The energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out for the first time in the density range from 13.55 to 6.8 gcm-3 including the metal-nonmetal transition region. For the measurements we have developed a single-crystalline sapphire cell and a high-pressure vessel of our own design and improved the method of the data analysis. It was found that the volume expansion of liquid Hg in the metallic region, to the density of about 10 gcm-3, is not accompanied by a uniform increase of interatomic distance r1 but mainly caused by a decrease of the coordination number N1 . When the transition region is approached, the decrease of N1 becomes rather small and r1 starts to elongate.
A〒739-8521 東広島市鏡山 1-7-1 広島大学総合科学部
Faculty of Integrated Arts and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-shi 739-8521
BInstitut fur Physikalische- Kem- und Makromolekulare Chemie, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, GERMANY



小特集-高温高圧下の液体金属・半導体-
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4,305-313(1992)
高圧下の液体金属・半導体の構造
Structure of Liquid Metals and Semiconductors under Pressure
辻 和彦 
Kazuhiko TSUJI
Recent development on the structural study of liquids under high pressure is reviewed. Using x-rays from synchrotron radiation with high energy and high brightness, x-ray diffraction measurements have been successfully performed for various liquids. The pressure-induced structural changes in liquid Cs, liquid Ga, liquid Bi, liquid Se and liquid Te are discussed in relation to the changes in the electronic structures. Pressure-induced phase transitions in liquids are also discussed.
〒223-8522 横浜市港北区日吉 3-14-1 慶應義塾大学理工学部物理学科
Department of Physics, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522



実験ノート
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 1-4, 314-316(1992)
凹球面アンビルによる高圧力と大容積の両立の試み
Trial to Keep Large-Volume Pressure Chamber at High Pressure
by Means of Spherically Concaved Anvil Tops
野村基之A 大野敏明B 
Motoyuki NOMURA Toshiaki OHNO
Higher pressure was obtained by hollowing out the anvil top of a cubic anvil under the condition that the distance between the anvil tops is equal to that of the cubic anvil. The total length of the gasket which influences the intensity of the diffracted beam in the X-ray experiment was decreased in the new type of anvil.
A〒755-8555 宇部市常盤台 2-14-1 宇部工業高等専門学校電気工学科
B〒527 滋賀県八日市市蛇溝町 1166-6 京セラ株式会社ソーラエネルギー事業部
R&D Section, Solar Energy Division, Kyocera Corp. 1166-6 Hebimizo, Yohkaichi 527




〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp