京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,3-10(1999) |
| 地球マントル中の水 Water in the Earth's Mantle |
| 小野 重明 Shigeaki ONO |
| High-pressure experiments on the stability
of hydrous minerals likely to be present
in the Earth's mantle provide constraints
on the distribution of water in the mantle,
and the form in which it is stored. However,
there has been confusion about compositions
and structures between hydrous minerals.
In regions of elevated mantle temperature,
water may be stored not in hydrous minerals
but in anhydrous minerals, melts, and fluids.
Such water is important to understand the
dynamics and evolution of the mantle, volcanism,
and metasomatism. In this article, the state
and migration of water in the mantle are
reviewed. [water, hydrous mineral, earth's mantle] |
| 〒682-0193 鳥取県東伯郡三朝町山田827 岡山大学固体地球研究センター Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, 827 Yamada, Misasa, Tohaku, Tottori 682-0193 |
| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,11-18(1999) |
| 超高圧下における珪酸塩融体の物性 Physical Properties of Silicate Melt at High Pressure |
| 鈴木 昭夫 Akio SUZUKI |
| In order to understand the magmatic process,
a knowledge of the physical properties
of
silicate melt is required. Density
and viscosity
are especially fundamental properties,
which
control the migration of magmas and
the separation
of residual crystals. In this article,
recent
advances in the investigation of silicate
melt at high pressure are reviewed. [high pressure, multi anvil, silicate melt, magma, density, diamond, equation of state] |
| 〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学大学院理学研究科地学専攻地球物質科学講座 Institute of Mineraloby Petrology and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 |
| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,19-25(1999) |
| 下部マントルの流動特性 Rheological Properties of the Lower Mantle |
| 山崎 大輔 Daisuke YAMAZAKI |
| The earth's lower mantle is mainly composed
of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowutite.
It is essential to determine the rheological
properties of MgSiO3 perovskite and periclase for understanding
the rheology of the lower mantle. High pressure
and temperature experiments were carried
out under lower mantle conditions to determine
their rheological properties. The grain growth
rates of perovskite and periclase were determined
to be G10.6 [m] = 1×10-57.4t [sec] exp(-320.8 [kJ/mol] /RT) and G10.8 [m] = 1×10-62.3t [sec] exp(-247.0 [kJ/mol] /RT), respectively,
where G is grain size at time t, R is the
gas constant and T is the absolute temperature.
The lattice diffusion coefficient (Dl) and grain boundary diffusion coefficient
(Dgb) of silicon in MgSiO3 perovskite were determined at 25 GPa and
1673-2073 K to be Dl [m2/sec] = 3.76×10-10exp(-338 [kJ/mol] /RT) and dDgb [m3/sec] = 1.02×10-16exp(-303 [kJ/mol] /RT), respectively, where
δ is the width of the grain boundary. The
grain size of perovskite in the lower mantle
is estimated to be 1-10 mm, which suggests
diffusion creep (Nabarro-Herring creep) as
a dominant deformation mechanism in the greater
part of the lower mantle. The present results
indicate that the subducting slab is much
softer than the surrounding lower mantle
due to the slow grain growth rate. [MgSiO3 perovskite, grain-size, grain growth, silicon-diffusion, lower mantle, rheology, viscosity] |
| 〒113-0033 東京都文京区本郷7-3-1 東京大学理学部地質学教室（現在:
米国ミネソタ大学） Geological Institute, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (Now at: University of Minnesota, USA) |
| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,26-33(1999) |
| 地球内部における相転移のカイネティクス Transformation Kinetics in the Earth's Interior |
| 久保 友明 Tomoaki KUBO |
| Transformations of mantle minerals have a
great effect on the dynamics of the descending
oceanic plate through metastable reactions
and changes in the microstructures of the
transformed minerals. High pressure and temperature
in situ X-ray observation experiments have been
performed in order to reveal the mechanisms
and kinetics of the olivine-spinel transformation.
In the interior of cold slabs, the depth
of transformation of olivine mainly depends
on the growth rate of spinel. The determination
of the growth rate suggests that olivine
survives metastably at a depth of〜600km
in cold slabs. Water, strain energy due to
the transformation, and intracrystalline
transformation have significant effects on
both the depth and width of the field of
metastable olivine. [olivine-spinel transformation, transformation mechanisms, transformation kinetics, subducting slab] |
| 〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉東北大学大学院理学研究科地球物質科学科 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 |
| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,34-42(1999) |
| Ｘ線その場観察法によるマントル鉱物相転移境界の決定 Determination of the Phase Boundaries of Mantle Minerals using in situ X-ray Diffraction Technique |
| 西山 宣正 入舩 徹男 Norimasa NISHIYAMA Tetsuo IRIFUNE |
| In situ X-ray diffraction technique has been successfully
used to determine the phase transition pressures
of mantle minerals at high pressure and high
temperature. This technique has an advantage
in accurate estimation of pressure using
internal pressure standards such as NaCl,
Au, and MgO, as well as the simultaneous
identification of the phases present at high
temperature and high pressure. This paper
reviews these studies which attempted to
determine the phase boundaries based on in situ X-ray diffraction measurements, including
our recent results obtained at the new synchrotron
facility, SPring-8. Some technical problems
inherent to this technique are discussed
on the basis of these currently available
experimental data. [ In situ X-ray observation, phase boundary, pressure determination, mantle minerals] |
| 〒790-8577 松山市文京町2-5 愛媛大学理学部生物地球圏科学科 Department of Earth Science, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577 |
| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,43-50(1999) |
| レーザー加熱ダイヤモンドアンビルセルと地球惑星科学への応用 Laser Heated Diamond Anvil Cell and its Application to Earth and Planetary Science |
| 近藤 忠 八木 健彦 向出 大平* Tadashi KONDO Takehiko YAGI Taihei MUKAIDE |
| Recent advances in a laser-heated diamond
anvil cell technique were reported in this
article. The details of the double-sided
laser heating system and the sample assembly
were discussed to realize stable heating
for a long duration and a reduction of the
temperature gradient in the diamond anvil
cell. Several experimental techniques for
in situ X-ray observation were reviewed also. Phase
relations of synthetic and natural garnets
under lower mantle conditions were investigated
using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell
combined with synchrotron radiation. [DAC, laser heating, in situ X-ray observation, analytical transmission electron microscopy, phase transition, garnet, Earth's lower mantle] |
| 〒106-8666 東京都港区六本木 7-22-1 東京大学物性研究所 Institute for Solid State Physics, Univ. of Tokyo, 7-22-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8666 *〒112-8551 東京都文京区春日 1-13-27 中央大学理工学部 Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551 |
| 特集−高圧地球科学− Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,51-58(1999) |
| 高圧下の超音波音速測定法と新しいデータ解析法 Recent Studies on Ultrasonic measurements under High Pressure and a New Analytical Methodology for Ultrasonic Velocity Data at Simultaneous High Pressure and High Temperature |
| 米田 明 Akira YONEDA |
| Basic techniques for ultrasonic measurements
are discussed with emphasis placed on accuracy
of sound velocity. Recent ultrasonic studies
under high pressure are briefly reviewed,
and a new analytical methodology called the
complete thermodynamic equation of state
is introduced. The potential of the method
is demonstrated by analyzing a synthetic
model data set. The results suggest that
the method can be used to constrain thermodynamic
parameters, such as heat capacity and thermal
expansivity, up to pressures of the core-mantle
boundary using experimental data collected
only up to 10 Gpa. [high pressure, high temperature, acoustics, elasticity, ultrasonic, complete thermodynamic equation of state, pressure scale, GHz interferometry] |
| 〒682-0193鳥取県東伯郡三朝町山田827岡山大学固体地球研究センター Institute for Study of the Earth Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193 |
| トピックス Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,59-64(1999) |
| 水に二状態が存在する！？ AreThereTwo Liquid Phases in Water!? |
| 三島 修 Osamu MISHIMA |
| Water has two amorphous solid states at low
temperatures: the low-density and high-density
amorphous ices. These two amorphous solids
may be related to liquid water at high temperatures.
We review experiments and simulations on
liquid and amorphous solid water, and discuss
the possibility of the existence of a liquid-liquid
phase transition in supercooled water. [liquid water, amorphous ice, liquid-liquid transition, critical phenomenon, polyamorphism] |
| 〒305-0044 つくば市並木1-1 無機材質研究所 National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044 |
| 解説 Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,65-70(1999) |
| IP式粉末Ｘ線回折像解析プログラム An X-ray Powder Pattern Analysis Program for Imaging Plate |
| 藤久裕司 Hiroshi FUJIHISA |
| An x-ray powder diffraction technique with
an imaging plate area detector is now widely
used in various experimental fields including
high pressure research. We developed a computer
program named PIP capable of converting two-dimensional
powder image to one-dimensional pattern.
An aim of this program is to prepare easily,
quickly, and user friendly one-dimensional
diffraction patterns available for structure
analysis such as Rietveld method. In this
report, we answer some questions about PIP
frequently asked by users. [DAC, imaging plate, x-ray powder diffraction, high pressure] |
| 〒305-8565 茨城県つくば市東1-1 物質工学工業技術研究所極限反応部 National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 |
| 研究の最前線から Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-1,71-76(1999) |
| SPring-8の高圧地球科学への利用 High Pressure Mineral Physics Study at SPring-8 |
| 浦川 啓 Satoru URAKAWA |
| This paper describes the high pressure mineral
physics research at SPring-8, the new third
-generation synchrotron radiation facility
in Hyogo, Japan. SPring-8 has four experimental
stations with several pressure apparatuses
for high pressure research. These facilities
are open to independent researchers, and
various kinds of high pressure experiments
are currently being conducted and planned
to reveal the physical and chemical properties
of the Earth and the planetary interiors.
[SPring-8, synchrotron radiation, phase transition, equation of state, crystallography, rheology, XAFS , viscosity, density] |
| 〒700-8530 岡山市津島中3-1-1 岡山大学理学部地球科学科 Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima naka , Okayama 700-8530 |
〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629