学会誌「高圧力の科学と技術」
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol.

Vol.9  No.4 (1999) Abstract


特集 - DAC技術入門II -
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,255-262(1999)
DAC用ダイヤモンド結晶
Diamond Crystal for DACs
角谷 均 戸田 直大 佐藤 周一
Hitoshi SUMIYA Naohiro TODA Shuichi SATOH
Characteristics of various types of diamonds are summarized and selection of a diamond for a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is discussed. A diamond crystal with little internal strain and few crystal defects must be selected for generating ultra high pressure. The selection of a diamond is also based on other factors, such as a need for transparency in ultraviolet or infrared for optical studies or a need for low luminescence for Raman studies. Synthetic type ?Ua diamond is most appropriate for diamond anvils, because it has a high crystalline quality, high transparency and low luminescence.

[DAC, diamond anvil, high pressure, internal strain, crystal defect, impurity, synthetic diamond]
〒664-0016 伊丹市昆陽北1-1-1 住友電気工業(株)伊丹研究所
Sumitomo Electric Industries, LTD., Itami research Laboratories, 1-1-1, Koya-kita, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0016



特集 - DAC技術入門II -
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,263-269(1999)
DACを用いた多結晶X線回折実験技術
Polycrystalline X-ray Diffraction Technique Using DAC
浜谷 望
Nozomu HAMAYA
Fundamental techniques of polycrystalline x-ray diffraction measurement at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell are described. We point out several unusual conditions specific to a sample compressed in the DAC, give a detailed description of a laboratory x-ray diffractometer for high-pressure study and its performance, and briefly introduce a high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique.

[DAC, polycrystalline x-ray diffraction technique, laboratory x-ray system, synchrotron radiation]
〒112-8610 東京都文京区大塚2-1-1 お茶の水女子大学大学院人間文化研究科複合領域科学専攻
Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610



特集 - DAC技術入門II -
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,270-276(1999)
DACを用いた光学測定の基礎技術
Fundamental Techniques for Optical Measurements with a DAC
青木 勝敏
Katsutoshi AOKI
Diamond anvil, which is transparent in a wide wavelength region including visible, near infrared and infrared regions, is a most powerful tool to investigate optical properties of materials at high pressures beyond 100 GPa. Raman scattering and infrared absorption measurements with DACs and several techniques useful for producing high quality and reliable high-pressure spectra are reviewed in this article.

[DAC, Raman scattering, infrared absorption]
〒305-8565 つくば市東1-1 物質工学工業技術研究所
National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, Higashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565



特集 - DAC技術入門II -
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,277-284(1999)
DACを用いた高温発生技術
High Temperature Use of DAC
近藤 忠 
Tadashi KONDO
High temperature generation techniques used in diamond anvil cells and their application are reviewed. The configurations of internal heating, external heating and laser heating are described as common methods. The optics required in a laser heating system and the recent progress in heating quality are introduced in detail. The measurement and calibration of temperature, and pressure variation at high temperature are discussed for each method to realize stable experiments.

[DAC, high temperature, internal heating, external heating, laser heating]
〒980-8578 仙台市青葉区荒巻字青葉 東北大学大学院理学研究科
Graduate School of Science, Tohku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578



特集 - DAC技術入門II -
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,285-292(1999)
DACの半導体の光学測定への応用
Application of DAC to Optical Studies of Semiconductors
小林 利彦
Toshihiko KOBAYASHI
In this article, a diamond anvil cell system for optical studies at variable pressure and at low temperatures is described. A remotely controlled pneumatic driver unit, which consists of a pair of coaxial bellows, operates with helium gas. The setup and techniques for photoreflectance (PR) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements with a diamond anvil cell are presented. Examples of the application to PR and TRPL in III-V semiconductor alloys under high pressure are shown.

[DAC, photoreflectance, time-resolved photoluminesceence, III-V semiconductor alloys, lifetime, spatially indirect recombination, heterointerface]
〒657-8301 神戸市灘区六甲台町1-1 神戸大学工学部 電気電子工学科
Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8301



特集 - DAC技術入門II -
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,293-299(1999)
DACの超伝導探索への応用
Application of DAC for Exploring Superconductivity
清水 克哉 天谷 喜一
Katsuya SHIMIZU Kiichi AMAYA
In this section, our 10-year developments and research for detecting superconductivity under high pressure in DAC are described. With the progress of DAC technology to generate high pressure above 100 GPa, research for superconductivity as well as metallization of molecular solids of light elements becomes possible. The way of creating the low-temperature conditions and the high-pressure which is necessary for the superconducting research are explained in detail.

[DAC, superconductivity, low temperature, electrical resistance, magnetic susceptibility, dilution refrigerator]
〒560-8531 大阪府豊中市待兼山町1-3 大阪大学大学院基礎工学研究科
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,300-307(1999)
HIPによる傾斜機能材料開発研究の動向
Development of Functionally Graded Materials by HIP
宮本 欽生
Yoshinari MIYAMOTO
HIP is a powerful tool to produce functionally graded materials (FGMs) due to the heat treatment under isostatic gas pressure. PSZ/stainless steel, TiAl(α/α+γ), and W/Cu FGMs can combine incompatible functions of heat resistance and toughness in structural uses. In functional uses, the graded C/C composite for the heat receiver, the Ir/W/Ta emitter electrode for the thermionic converter, and one step formation of a graded thermoelectric conversion unit of SiGe with electrodes are developed using HIP. These recent developments of FGMs by HIP are reviewed.

[HIP, functionally graded materials, FGM, PSZ/stainless steel, TiAl, W/Cu, thermionic converter, thermoelectric converter, graded C/C composite]
〒567-0047 茨木市美穂ヶ丘 11-1 大阪大学接合科学研究所
Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047



解説
Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 9-4,308-313(1999)
高圧力実験装置入門−ねじ−
A Guide for High Pressure Experiments−Threads−
網田 富士嗣  梶本 興亜
Fujitsugu AMITA Okitsugu KAJIMOTO
The designing of threads for high-pressure equipment is described. We have formulated a computer program for the stress calculation at the first thread root based on the guidelines for high-pressure equipment proposed by the High Pressure Gas Safety Institution of Japan. A versatile method for lubrication to avoid seizure and scratching the threads is explained.

[design, thread ]
〒606-8502 京都市左京区北白川追分町 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻
Division of Chemistry,Graduated School of Science,Kyoto University,Sakyo-ku,Kyoto 606-8502




〒606-0805
京都市左京区下鴨森本町 15 (財)生産開発科学研究所内
日本高圧力学会事務局
Tel (075)721-0376 Fax (075)723-9629
koatsu@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp